WASTE BANK AND COMMUNITY WELFARE IN SIDOARJO (MAQASHID SHARIA PERSPECTIVE)

The originality of this research is where previous studies only discussed waste banks from the green economy perspective of maqashid sharia, or discussed economic empowerment only, but in this study it combines all aspects of previous research. This study aims to describe the role of the Sumringah waste bank in improving people's welfare, where the indicator used is Maqashid Syariah. This research uses qualitative research methods, with a case study approach. The waste management system at the Sumringah Waste Bank applies the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle), this aims to motivate the community and increase awareness about managing waste independently from the source, as well as implementing a people's economy. The results of the analysis obtained indicate that there is prosperity in terms of: 1) Spirituality, namely by increasing alms Jariyah (hifz ad-din), 2) fulfilling mental needs (hifz an-nafs), 3) understanding about waste management and environmental hygiene (hifz al-nafs). aql), 4) maintenance of offspring (hifz al-aql), 5) income (hifz al-maal). The implication is as a behavior changer for the community, economic empowerment and quality of life of its members.


Introduction
Environmental problems in Indonesia, which are a serious concern by the government, are waste problems. The factors causing the production of waste are increasing, which arise from external and internal factors. The external factor is the dense population resulting in increasing waste production and the lack of land limitations to accommodate the remaining consumption. Another factor is from the internal community itself, none other than the factor of public awareness about environmental care and handling their household waste properly.  In 20120 Renny Oktafia: Waste Bank and Community…. [457] ж Vol. 08, No.02, Oktober 2021 ж waste generated. The amount of managed waste is only in the range of 7% -12% of the total waste generation, in the period 2019 -2020. The dense number of people accompanied by various activities and human life, will certainly have an impact on the increase in waste generated by households every year. day. The establishment of a waste bank in the community is one of the solutions adopted in managing waste in the community.
The waste bank was established to educate the public to be good at sorting waste according to its type, so that it is easy to process it again and at the same time increase income for the community itself. The empowerment pattern applied by the waste bank is the economic empowerment approach, which can help in improving the economy of the waste bank customer's family in meeting household needs (Ryandono, Widiastuti, & Mawardi, 2017). This paradigm shift regarding waste can be a factor in increasing economic value for residents, especially housewives and can also provide benefits for human life, as well as being useful for improving community welfare through efforts to empower community-based waste management. 2 Waste management in the city of Sidoarjo is carried out in various ways, one of which is the waste bank program. Waste Bank is a dry waste management system that still has economic value and is cashed or saved in a waste bank account both individually and collectively that involves all elements of society to play an active role in social programs, and aims to raise public awareness in managing waste 2 Qodriatun, S. N. Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Melalui Pengelolaan Sampah Berdasarkan UU No.18 Tahun 2008. Jurnal Aspirasi, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2014 properly, so that It is hoped that this will reduce the accumulation of waste in the Final Disposal Site (TPA). The short mechanism is that the waste bank accommodates deposited waste that has been sorted and has economic value based on its material characteristics by the customer to the manager, the results from the waste sorting scale are cashed or saved in the waste bank account of each customer.
Waste management for various useful purposes has been carried out and implemented by various parties throughout the country. This, as explained in several previous studies, among others, research conducted by Suhendi in 2014, which stated that The green economy can be seen as a new economic paradigm, so the establishment of a waste bank encourages income growth and employment, while reducing environmental risks from waste problems. Islam sees this paradigm as a good thing and is permissible because the waste bank with the green economy idea is far from prohibiting buying and selling, does not harm the public interest, and runs in accordance with Islamic law. 3 Another research in 2014, related to the role of waste banks in the effectiveness of waste management by Anih Sri Suryani. In this study, it is stated that the role of the community is very necessary in waste management, namely through waste banks. With a waste bank, a relationship mechanism and social network can be formed, so that from an institutional perspective a cooperative can be formed, which can have economic value. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the waste problem in an integrated and comprehensive manner, to produce an effective waste management policy. 4 Based on the description above, this research raises the issue of how the waste bank and its impact on the welfare of society in Sidoarjo according to the perspective of Maqashid Syariah. This study aims to determine the role of waste banks in the effort to improve the welfare of society from the perspective of Maqashid Syariah.

Waste Bank and Socio-Economic Life
Waste bank management uses the principles of Wadi'ah Yad Al-Amanah and Wadi'ah Yad Dhamanah. In a waste bank with the Wadi'ah Yad Al-Amanah principle, customers save in the form of waste, which has been calculated based on the rupiah value according to the waste price list. Then, the manager records it in each type of savings belonging to the saver. Customers do not get interest or profit sharing from this waste saving process, and customers can withdraw the savings periodically according to their needs. At the waste bank with the principle of the Wadi'ah Yad-Dhamanah contract, in managing it using a method, namely entrusting the results of the customer's recycling creativity, which can be traded by the waste bank at certain times. When the deposit is sold, the customer will get a share of the proceeds from the sale. 5 Waste management through a waste bank that has economic value is one of the efforts in realizing a Green Economy. This Green Economy concept aims to encourage the welfare of mankind, in addition to preserving the environment and protecting the ecosystem. This is in accordance with the basic principles in Islamic economics, namely realizing human welfare, while still paying attention to the quality of human life and nature. According to the study of Islamic economics, welfare is measured through indicators known as maqashid sharia, namely: hifz al-din (religious protection), hifz al-nafs (guarding the soul), hifz al-'aql (guarding reason), hifz al-nasl ( protection of offspring), hifz al-mal (protection of property). However, for the Green Economy concept, an indicator of hifz al-bi'ah is added, namely environmental protection. 6 Many people still think that waste has a negative image, therefore it is necessary to create a program that can create economic value for waste and can empower the community. This program is called a waste bank, which is a place to manage and collect waste, by separating waste that can still be recycled and has economic value. This program aims to increase community participation, and can be used as a means of empowering the community's economy. The impact obtained by the community, in addition to economic benefits, is also spiritual benefits, namely increasing clean and healthy living behavior, which is part of faith. 7 6 Fauzia, I. Y. Urgensi Implementasi Green Economy Perspektif Pendekatan Dharuriyah dalam Maqashid Al-Shariah. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2016. Waste bank aims to stimulate creativity and innovation produced by the community, by recycling waste so that it can make money. The strategy that can be done is by implementing the 3Rs, namely: reduce, reuse, and recycle. The community can use the leftover waste from leaves, food and vegetables, to be processed into fertilizer, while paper and plastic waste can be made into various crafts. If this activity is developed, it will be a business opportunity for the community, as well as having a high enough economic value to increase people's income. 8

Maqashid Sharia Welfare Perspective
Maqashid sharia has an important role in determining Islamic law, because Islamic law that was revealed has the aim of realizing the benefit of the people both in the world and the hereafter. Thus, maqashid sharia is one of certain independent scientific disciplines, so we will not find a concrete and comprehensive definition interpreted by classical scholars. 9 The elements contained in maqashid sharia are a form of human benefit. Maqashid sharia has a goal that is falah (benefit). The meaning of falah includes the happiness and glory of religion and the world.
What is meant by world glory is the achievement of various goodness so as to make the life of the world better, namely wealth and glory. 10 Puhsarang, Kediri. Jurnal Qawanin, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2018. 8  The maqashid sharia policy is implemented, in order to create a mashlahah life for the community. In economic business, benefit is based on and guaranteed in accordance with sharia principles that exist in maqashid sharia, which aims to maintain the intention to obtain economic resources and maintain what is already owned. This is applied to maintain the welfare of the community, amid the development of Islamic economics and finance in the contemporary era. 12

Previous Research
Previous research on waste management through the development of a waste bank was conducted in 2015, explaining that with community participation through the obligation to sort household waste according to organic and inorganic classification, it can encourage the development of waste banks. Thus, this will have a positive impact  Lingkungan, Vol. 14 No.2, 2017. strongest relationship strength is between the role of government and JPSM with intentions, followed by the relationship between roles and participation, then between participation and intention, and the weakest is the relationship between knowledge and behavioral intentions to manage waste in waste banks. 17 In previous studies, only discussed the management of waste banks, how the performance of waste bank management is, how the impacts of waste management are carried out, the factors that relate and affect waste management through waste banks, while in this study the aim of this study is to determine the impact of waste bank management on the community welfare with the maqashid sharia indicator approach. This is a research gap, which can be used as a research novelty.

Methods
The type of research used by the researcher is a qualitative research method. Qualitative research method is a research method used to explore and understand the understanding based on a methodology that analyzes the phenomenon of social conditions in society. In qualitative research, the problems discussed are tentative and can continue to develop over time, so that new theories can emerge in a research study. 18 The research approach used by the researcher is a case study and descriptive model. A case study is a process of elaborating and describing a problem that is studied in depth in the community to study the background, social situation, and ongoing social relations. 19 This research was conducted at Bank Sampah Syariah Sumringah (BSS) located in Ngampelsari village, Candi sub-district, Sidoarjo regency. The object of the research location was taken because the waste bank in Ngampelsari village was a waste bank within the scope of the village, but was able to become the main waste bank in Sidoarjo Regency. Where, already has a waste bank of the fostered unit and is only armed with independent funds, without any government assistance in its operations. Therefore, from the establishment stage to its development, this waste bank has become a means of education for environmental cadres, or a study center for operational management governance for waste bank units in the vicinity.
Furthermore, to understand clearly and in detail the adoption of the Maqashid Syariah theory that the researcher uses in this study, a thought process is needed in developing the theory. In Figure 2

Figure 2. Conceptual framework of Islamic maqashid indicators
The picture above is a conceptual design of the Maqashid Syariah indicator used in this study. The goal is to act as a researcher's thought process in adopting and elaborating the theory used to answer the problem formulation, namely describing the waste management system in bank sampah syariah sumringah (BSS), and describing its role in efforts to improve community welfare with the Maqashid Syariah perspective.
Data collection techniques used in this study are as follows: 1) Interview; The type of interview used is an in-depth interview, namely  (Noor, 2011 : 138-139); 2) Documentation; is a record of events that have passed, it can be in the form of writing, pictures, or monumental works of someone, the documents used in this study are data contained in the Sumringah waste bank in Sidoarjo; 3) Observation; using passive participatory observation, by observing the activities of people who are observed but are not involved with these activities. 20 The data analysis technique uses the following stages The credibility test in this study which was carried out by the researcher was the triangulation method.

Result and Discussion
Starting from concerns about waste and the environment, on The surrounding community deposited the waste into the BSS, then the profit sharing from the weighing of the waste based on the collector's price was divided into two parties, namely: 70% was put into the savings of each community member and 30% for the waste bank.
The profit of 30%, which is obtained by the waste bank will be used as  (2020) The flow of waste collection at the BSS goes through several stages, including: 1) Every community who wants to deposit waste collects waste at BSS.
2) Waste is sorted according to its type.
3) The segregated waste is deposited with the waste bank officer for checking and weighing. 4) Waste bank officers make records in the BSS ledger and customer savings books.
5) The amount of money resulting from the weighing of waste will be saved in the savings account of each community at BSS, and can be withdrawn in cash when it reaches a certain limit.

No
Percentage Description 1 10% for the operational activities of the Waste Bank, such as printing passbooks, photocopying costs for making deposit/withdrawal slips, etc.
2 5% for estimated depreciation costs; When the waste bank buys waste from the community, the waste bank will charge a depreciation charge. This is done to anticipate if there is a loss in sales, which is done by the waste bank when selling waste to collectors.

15% for waste bank management incentives
This explanation will be explained more clearly through Figure 3 below.
Source: primary data processed (2020) 70% of the profit from the waste bank will be channeled to the welfare of the people who are members of the waste bank, while the remaining 30% will be used to fund the operational activities of the waste bank and the welfare of the management. The percentage of income distributed for public welfare is shown in table 2 as follows: Bring dry waste that is suitable for sale and has been sorted from home. The teller submits a weighing receipt, then the customer will receive a deposit slip and a passbook that has been signed by the teller   (2020) In addition to raw waste, BSS provides a container for its customers who are creative in processing waste to be recycled, of course, if this recycling is deposited into BSS, the price given will be different from the deposit for sorting waste. The waste recycling craft manufacturing system is handled by the innovation team, which is formed by the waste bank management by making crafts or skills by the community or administrators if interested.
The waste recycling from the community is accommodated by BSS, then the officer will record according to the name of the depositor.

No
Percentage Description 1 40% To finance health facilities, every time a member goes to a doctor or village midwife, who has been appointed by BSS in the regular savings program and maternity savings program 2 15% For the training agenda for making recycled crafts, organized by the BSS innovation team, which is carried out regularly every two months for the community or members 3 15% To reward prizes in social activities for residents on major days of world waste commemoration, and environmental day by holding village clean-up competitions.
If the recycled goods are sold, then BSS will share the proceeds from the sale with the community that produces it. The sale and purchase price of recycled handicrafts is not formed at the beginning of the custody contract, but will be formed at the end when they are sold under the terms of profit sharing. The profit sharing from the sale of recycled goods with the community is 90% for the people who make it and 10% goes to BSS cash which is used for incentives (welfare) for waste bank management.
As for the role of the BSS waste bank in an effort to improve the welfare of the community, it is carried out by implementing a  Hifz an-nashl Improve the maintenance of offspring by cultivating and providing understanding of waste sorting and processing to children or families from an early age 5 Hifz al-maal Increase in income or economy  For members of the waste bank (BSS) BSS acts as economic empowerment for its members.

Source: primary data processed (2020)
The indicators used to measure the effect of community welfare felt by BSS members include five indicator points in Maqashid sharia, each of these indicators has a role in improving the welfare of members. The results of the study indicate that the impact of the welfare is as follows: 1) Increasing the spiritual welfare of the Jariyah charity (hifz addin).
The essence of spirituality here is to get additional income earned by BSS members, on average it is often used for Jariyah charity activities, whose rewards will continue to flow and will not break even though the charity has died. The indicators of spiritual welfare included include alms, infaq, and the addition of nominal zakat. The following is a table of indicators for increasing member charity after joining BSS

Informan 2
Increased, if there is more money in the waste savings, it will definitely increase the nominal money for zakat, although it is not very large by around 3.0%

Informan 3
Increased, able to donate during routine recitations every week Informan 4 Increased, able to give charity by setting aside income from the sale of recycled waste handicrafts in events in the month of Ramadhan Informan 5 Increased, able to give charity to the children in the orphanage near home Informan 6 Increased, able to donate in routine recitations of villagers Informan 7 Increased, able to give alms to neighbors by making simple thanksgiving Informan 8 Increased, able to donate at the mosque near the waste bank Informan 9 Increased, able to give food and material charity to mosques and social organizations Source: primary data processed (2020) The results of the analysis above, are in line with research conducted by Dwi Endah in 2017, regarding the success factors for implementing waste alms in an area in the city of Semarang, where this study states that the reason for the benefits of waste alms is related to the belief that it will bring good rewards and the results can be used for the common good. The waste that has been sorted is then collected in their respective homes, then handed over to a temporary garbage collection site until there is a large amount of waste, after which it is sold to collectors. The proceeds from the sale are not used for individual interests, but are used for the benefit of the community. 23 Other research that supports the above analysis, conducted by Idaul Hasanah in 2018, regarding the implementation of the waste alms school to realize philanthropy-based waste management states that the waste alms school program is carried out by students, teachers, parents, and concerned communities, by sorting waste them, collect and donate to schools. Furthermore, Amil, who comes from selected students under the guidance of the teacher, will sell the collected waste in collaboration with collectors, and the proceeds from the sale are used to support underprivileged students at school, some of which are used to support orphans and underprivileged families around them. 24 2) Increased welfare in fulfilling mental/inner needs (hifz an-nafs).
The next indicator of welfare improvement is about fulfilling the needs of the soul. The following is a  Fulfilled, a clean environment makes the soul more peaceful Informan 3 Fulfilled, the proceeds from the sale of waste to the waste bank can be used for refreshing so that the mind is calmer Informan 4 Fulfilled, with increasing charity, making the soul happier Informan 5 Fulfilled, the creation of a clean environment makes more enthusiasm in carrying out activities Informan 6 Fulfilled, there will be peace in the environment by giving charity to each other Informan 7 Fulfilled, a clean environment makes the soul more peaceful Informan 8 Fulfilled, the increased income from the waste bank results, makes the members' souls calmer because they can meet their daily needs Informan 9 Fulfilled, the proceeds from the sale of waste can be used for refreshing with family and friends Source: primary data processed (2020) The description of the analysis above is in line with research from Yusa Eko Saputro in 2015 on community-based waste management through waste banks, explaining that community-based waste management has various impacts on the surrounding  Increased, because people can understand more about waste sorting, and educate people not to throw garbage in rivers, even waste can be processed to make money Informan 2 Increased, because people understand more about the importance of waste management.

Informan 3
Increased, because it can increase public awareness so as not to throw waste in any place Informan 4 Increased, there is public awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness.

Informan 5
Increased, because people understand more about the importance of waste sorting.

Informan 6
Increased, it has the ability to process inorganic waste independently into creative crafts from waste recycling.

Informan 7
Increased, have knowledge not to burn garbage in the yard of the house which can have an impact on environmental pollution Informan 8 Increased, have knowledge about the importance of handling inorganic waste, which is difficult to decompose, to be processed into goods that have artistic value or economic value.

Informan 9
Increasing, because it becomes more educated not to be lazy in sorting household waste itself.

Source: primary data processed (2020)
The explanation of the analysis above is in accordance with

Informan 2
Increased, because it can teach children the importance of sorting waste that can be reprocessed into useful goods.

Informan 3
Increased, because children increasingly have knowledge about the importance of protecting the environment.

Informan 4
Increased, because it can invite children to have the skills to participate in processing waste into creative crafts.

Informan 5
Increased, because when saving to a waste bank, they always invite children to have an understanding of the importance of a waste bank.

Informan 6
Increased, because it can educate children to be able to participate in sorting and processing waste.

Informan 7
Increased, because it is able to provide education to children to have a clean culture wherever they are.

Informan 8
Increasing, because children are more aware of how to keep the environment clean from garbage, for mental and physical health.

Informan 9
Increased, because it can educate children to be more concerned about the environment from waste that is difficult to decompose.

Source: primary data processed (2020)
The research that supports the above analysis is a study by M.

Informan 2
Increasingly, every week depositing to the waste bank gets an additional income of around IDR Rp. 300.000, -.

Informan 3
Increasing, per month sales to waste banks can earn around IDR Rp. 400,000,-

Informan 4
Increased, because they benefit from saving waste an average of IDR Rp. 80,000, -per week, sometimes get additional income from the deposit of handicrafts which on average is around IDR Rp. 50,000, -up to Rp 100,000, -per month.

Informan 5
Increasing, on average each month can achieve additional income of IDR Rp. 300,000, -up to Rp. 400,000, -which can be obtained by the waste bank.

Informan 6
Increases, can have a savings balance in the waste bank of up to IDR Rp. 3,499,000, -in the last year, because they rarely withdraw their waste savings balances.

Informan 7
Increasing, the average monthly deposit to the waste bank earns around IDR Rp. 200,000,-Informan 8 Increasing, per week earning income from waste of around Rp. 150,000,-and often receiving product gifts from sponsors as a bonus from BSS.

Informan 9
Increasingly, the profit from selling waste is around Rp. 200,000, -up to Rp. 400,000,per month, which is often withdrawn in cash without saving.
Source: primary data processed (2020) The results of the analysis on the hifz al-maal indicator are in accordance with research on waste banks to increase housewives' income, which was carried out by Yuwita Ariessa Pravasanti in 2020.
This study says that waste banks are an alternative in waste management strategies. The waste bank is one of the programs that can change the pattern of people's views on waste management. In waste management, the community can participate as members of the waste bank, by processing waste into more useful goods, so that a healthy environment will be created and household income will increase. 28 Another research that supports the above analysis is a study on waste banks for increasing income and empowering women in

Conclusion
Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the waste management system at the Sumringah Waste Bank (BSS) has been able to motivate people to save their waste in the waste bank, the main goal is to increase public awareness about how to handle waste independently from the source. In practice, BSS has implemented the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle), this helps in managing waste in the  Vol. 4, No. 2, 2020.